My Knowledge (Shubham Mishra)

Space  and Defence   Aryabhatta Aryabhatta was the first satellite launched by India. It was named after the great Indian astronomer of the same name. Aryabhatta weighed 360kg and was launched by the Soviet Union on April 19, 1975 from Kapustin Yar using a Cosmos-3M launch vehicle. Musk Musk is developing a series of launchers, called the Falcon, which, if successful ,could significantly undercut the price routinely paid to aerospace giants Lockheed Martin Corp. and Boeing Co., to send payloads in to Orbit. Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis is one of the fleet of space shuttles belonging to the US. It was the fourth operational shuttle built. Following the destruction of Challenger and Columbia, it is one of the three fully operational shuttles remaining in the fleet. The other two are Discovery and Endeavour. METSAT METSAT was an Indian (ISRO) meteorological, geostationary satellite designed to simultaneously obtain atmospheric cloud cover, wa...

Diamond: Diamond is a metastable allotrope of carbon, where the carbon atoms are arranged in a variation of the face-centered cubic crystal structure called a diamond lattice. Marble is a non-foliated metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite. Geologists use the term "marble" to refer to metamorphosed limestone; however, stonemasons use the term more broadly to encompass unmetamorphosed limestone The composition of sand varies, depending on the local rock sources and conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings is silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO2), usually in the form of quartz. A ruby is a pink to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). The red color is caused mainly by the presence of the element chromium. Its name comes from ruber, Latin for red. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are calle...

Chemical  Change And Physical Change solution: Physical changes are changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition. Physical changes occur when objects or substances undergo a change that does not change their chemicalcomposition. This contrasts with the concept of chemical change in which the composition of a substance changes orone or more substances combine or break up to form new substances. In general a physical change is reversibleusing physical means. For example salt dissolved in water can be recovered by allowing the water to evaporate.   Reactants must be moving fast enough and hit each other hard enough for a chemical reaction to take place.Increasing the temperature increases the average speed of the reactant molecules.As more molecules move faster,the number of molecules moving fast enough to react increases, which results in faster formation of products.

Particles Particles that are smaller than the atom are called subatomic particles. The three main subatomic particles thatform an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons. The center of the atom is called the nucleus.The positron or antielectron is the antiparticle or the antimatter counterpart of the electron. The positron has anelectric charge of +1e, a spin of ½, and has the same mass as an electron. कण  कण जो परमाणु से छोटे होते हैं, उन्हें उप-परमाणु कण कहा जाता है।  परमाणु के तीन मुख्य उप-परमाणु कण प्रोटॉन, न्यूट्रॉन और इलेक्ट्रॉन हैं।  परमाणु के केंद्र को नाभिक कहा जाता है। पॉज़िट्रॉन या एंटीलेक्ट्रॉन एंटीपार्टिकल या इलेक्ट्रॉन का एंटीमैटर समकक्ष है।  पॉज़िट्रॉन में it 1e का एनेटिक चार्ज, and का एक स्पिन है, और एक इलेक्ट्रॉन के समान द्रव्यमान है।

Element An element is a material that consists of a single type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types ofatoms.The nucleus is the very dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom. It was discoveredin 1911 as a result of Ernest Rutherford's interpretation of the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment. Theproton–neutron model of the nucleus was proposed by Dmitry Ivanenko in 1932. Almost all of the mass of anatom is located in the nucleus, with a very small contribution from the electron cloud. तत्त्व  एक तत्व एक ऐसी सामग्री है जिसमें एक ही प्रकार का परमाणु होता है, जबकि एक यौगिक में दो या दो से अधिक प्रकार के परमाणु होते हैं। नाभिक एक परमाणु के केंद्र में प्रोटॉन और न्यूट्रॉन से मिलकर बहुत घना क्षेत्र है।  1909 की अर्नेस्ट रदरफोर्ड की व्याख्या के परिणामस्वरूप इसे 1911 में खोजा गया था।  द न्यूट्रीस के न्यूट्रॉन-न्यूट्रॉन मॉडल को दिमित्री इवानेंको द्वारा 1932 में प्रस्तावित किया गया था। एनाटोम के लगभग सभी द्रव्यमान नाभिक में स्...

Boiling Point The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to the pressure of the gas above it.The normal boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to one atmosphere (760 torr).The boiling point of a liquid varies depending upon the surrounding environmental pressure. A liquid in a partial vacuum has a lower boiling point than when that liquid is at atmospheric pressure. A liquid at high pressure has a higher boiling point than when that liquid is at atmospheric pressure. For a given pressure, different liquids boil at different temperatures. क्वथनांक  किसी तरल पदार्थ का क्वथनांक वह तापमान होता है जिस पर उसका वाष्प दाब उसके ऊपर की गैस के दबाव के बराबर होता है। एक तरल का सामान्य क्वथनांक वह तापमान होता है जिस पर उसका वाष्प दाब एक वायुमंडल (760 torr) के बराबर होता है।  तरल का क्वथनांक आसपास के पर्यावरणीय दबाव के आधार पर भिन्न होता है।  एक आंशिक वैक्यूम में एक तरल पदार्थ की तुलना में कम उबलते बि...

BrahMos: The BrahMos is a short range ramjet supersonic cruise missile that can be launched from submarines, ships, aircraft or land. It is a joint venture between the Russian Federation's NPO Mashinostroeyenia and India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) who have together formed BrahMos Aerospace Private Limited. It is based on the Russian P-800 Oniks cruise missile and other similar sea-skimming Russian cruise missile technology. The name BrahMos is a portmanteau formed from the names of two rivers, the Brahmaputra of India and the Moskva of Russia.It is the world's fastest cruise missile in operation.The missile travels at speeds of Mach 2.8 to 3.0.The land-launched and ship-launched versions are already in service, with the air and submarine-launched versions currently in the testing phase.  On 11 May 1998, Operation Shakti (Pokhran-II) was initiated with the detonation of one fusion and three fission bombs; the word "Shakti means ...